Interaction between diterpene icetexanes and old yellow enzymes of Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi.

Old Yellow Enzymes (OYEs) are flavin-dependent redox enzymes that promote the asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes. Due to the high importance of flavoenzymes in the metabolism of organisms, the interaction between OYEs from the parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania braziliensis and three diterpene icetexanes (brussonol and two analogs), were evaluated in the present study, and differences in the binding mechanism and inhibition capacity of these molecules were examined. Although the aforementioned compounds showed poor and negligible activities against T. cruzi and L. braziliensis cells, respectively, the experiments with the purified enzymes indicated that the interaction occurs by divergent mechanisms. Overall, the ligands' inhibitory effect depends on their accessibility to the N5 position of the flavin's isoalloxazine ring. The results also indicated that the OYEs found in both parasites share structural similarities and showed affinities for the diterpene icetexanes in the same range. Nevertheless, the interaction between OYEs and ligands is directed by enthalpy and/or entropy in distinct ways. In conclusion, the binding site of both OYEs exhibits remarkable plasticity, and a large range of different molecules, including that can be substrates and inhibitors, can bind this site. This plasticity should be considered in drug design using OYE as a target.

Constructing Sexual Victimization: A Thematic Analysis of Reader Responses to A Literary Female-on-Male Rape Story on Goodreads.

Τhe aim of this study was to provide a detailed understanding of unprompted audience responses to a literary story of female-on-male rape on Goodreads. Thematic analysis of 429 reviews revealed 5 key themes and 16 sub-themes, which evolved around appraising the social function of the book, evaluating its literary features, assessing the depiction of female-on-male rape especially in terms of its perceived realism, as well as around a variety of explicitly emotional and cognitive responses. The esthetic features of the story proved to be of particular importance for shaping reader engagement. Reflective elaborations on the female rapist were found to constitute a marginal response pattern. Findings identified the existence of an overarching cognitive schema that construes sexual victimization as feminized and is linked to a tripartite pattern of comprehending female on- male rape (female-focused, gender-inclusive, gender-neutral). The study highlights the persistence of gendered rape myths structured around an "ideal victim" - "ideal offender" paradigm, which, however, co-exist with alternative responses oriented toward de-gendering sexual victimization. These findings suggest the importance of addressing audience responses in future investigations of female sexual violence (hands-on and hands-off behaviors) and pursuing an interventional agenda of more inclusive conceptualizations of victimization.

Optic neuropathy diagnosis in the emergency room - retrospective observational study of the last 18 years.

INTRODUCTION: Optic neuropathies (ON), a broad spectrum of disorders of the optic nerve, are a frequent cause of visual loss, presenting either in isolation or associated to neurological or systemic disorders. They are often first evaluated in the Emergency Room (ER) and a rapid determination of the etiology is imperative for implementing timely and appropriate treatment. We aim to describe ER demographic data and clinical characteristics, as well as the performed imaging exams, of patients subsequently hospitalized and diagnosed with ON. Furthermore, we seek to explore the accuracy of ER discharge diagnosis and evaluate possible predictive factors that may influence it. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 192 patients admitted to the ward of the Neurology Department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (CHUSJ), with a discharge diagnosis of ON. Subsequently, we selected those admitted from the ER, with clinical, laboratory and imaging data, between January 2004 and December 2021. RESULTS: We included 171 patients. All participants were discharged from the ER and admitted in the ward with a main diagnostic suspicion of ON. Patients were stratified according to suspected etiology at the time of discharge: 99 inflammatory (57.9%), 38 ischemic (22.2%), 27 unspecified (15.8%) and 7 other (4.1%). By comparing with current follow-up diagnosis, 125 patients had an accurate ER diagnosis category (73.1%), 27 had an ON diagnosis of unspecified etiology that was defined only during follow-up (15.8%) and 19 had an inaccurate diagnosis category (11.1%). Diagnostic change was more common with ER ischemic diagnosis (21.1%) compared to inflammatory diagnosis (8.1%) (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals that most patients with ON can be accurately diagnosed in the ER through clinical history neurological and ophthalmological evaluation.

Ruminal and feces metabolites associated with feed efficiency, water intake and methane emission in Nelore bulls.

The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to identify potential differences in the ruminal and fecal metabolite profiles of Nelore bulls under different nutritional interventions; and (2) to identify metabolites associated with cattle sustainability related-traits. We used different nutritional interventions in the feedlot: conventional (Conv; n = 26), and by-product (ByPr, n = 26). Thirty-eight ruminal fluid and 27 fecal metabolites were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the ByPr and Conv groups. Individual dry matter intake (DMI), residual feed intake (RFI), observed water intake (OWI), predicted water intake (WI), and residual water intake (RWI) phenotypes were lower (P < 0.05) in the Conv group, while the ByPr group exhibited lower methane emission (ME) (P < 0.05). Ruminal fluid dimethylamine was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with DMI, RFI, FE (feed efficiency), OWI and WI. Aspartate was associated (P < 0.05) with DMI, RFI, FE and WI. Fecal C22:1n9 was significantly associated with OWI and RWI (P < 0.05). Fatty acid C14:0 and hypoxanthine were significantly associated with DMI and RFI (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that different nutritional interventions alter ruminal and fecal metabolites and provided new insights into the relationship of these metabolites with feed efficiency and water intake traits in Nelore bulls.

[For the return of high vaccination coverage]. / Pela reconquista das altas coberturas vacinais.

The global decline in vaccine coverage led the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 to define vaccine hesitation as one of the world's top ten threats to public health. In Brazil, the drop in vaccination coverage began in 2012, increasing from 2016, and was aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The warning of low vaccination coverage is accompanied by the reintroduction of immunopreventable diseases such as measles. The return of diseases so far eradicated, such as polio, can aggravate the ongoing health crisis. Despite the Brazilian National Immunization Program being recognized as one of the most effective worldwide and its continuous efforts, it is facing an extremely challenging scenario regarding immunization coverage. This article describes the Project for the Regaining of the High Vaccination Coverage (PRCV) and the strategy of working at the frontline, conducted in the local level, which has been implemented since 2021 and is already starting to show promising results. The PRCV was organized in three thematic axes with shared and specific actions, including: vaccination; information systems; communication and education. The outcomes achieved allow us to affirm that it is possible to reverse the low vaccination coverage, based on the articulation of structural and interinstitutional actions, with the strengthening of public policies and development of short-, medium-, and long-term measures. The most powerful factors of the PRCV are its approach to frontline professionals, the social pact for vaccination, and the establishment of local support networks for vaccinations.

O declínio global das coberturas vacinais levou a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em 2019, a definir a hesitação vacinal como uma das dez maiores ameaças mundiais à saúde pública. No Brasil, a queda da cobertura vacinal teve início em 2012, acentuando-se a partir de 2016, e sendo agravada pela pandemia de COVID-19. O alerta da baixa cobertura vacinal vem acompanhado pela reintrodução de doenças imunopreveníveis como o sarampo. O retorno de doenças até então eliminadas, como a poliomielite, pode agravar a crise sanitária ainda em curso. Mesmo sendo reconhecido como um dos mais efetivos programas de imunizações do mundo e dos esforços permanentes, o Programa Nacional de Imunizações enfrenta um cenário extremamente adverso no que tange às coberturas vacinais. Este artigo descreve o Projeto pela Reconquista das Altas Coberturas Vacinais (PRCV) e a estratégia de trabalhar na ponta do sistema, executada nos territórios, que vem sendo implementada desde 2021 e já começa a apresentar resultados promissores. O PRCV foi organizado em três eixos temáticos com atuação compartilhada e ações específicas, a saber: vacinação; sistemas de informação; comunicação e educação. Os resultados já alcançados permitem afirmar que é possível conseguir a reversão das baixas coberturas vacinais, a partir da articulação de ações estruturais e interinstitucionais, com o fortalecimento das políticas públicas e desenvolvimento de medidas de curto, médio e longo prazos. Os fatores mais potentes do PRCV são sua abordagem junto aos profissionais da ponta, o pacto social pela vacinação, e a estruturação de redes locais de apoio às imunizações.

La disminución global de las coberturas de vacunación llevó a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en 2019, a definir la vacilación de la vacunación como una de las diez mayores amenazas para la salud pública en el mundo. En Brasil, la caída de la cobertura de vacunación comenzó en 2012, se acentuó a partir de 2016 y se vio agravada por la pandemia de COVID-19. La alerta de baja cobertura vacunal va acompañada de la reintroducción de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación como el sarampión. El regreso de enfermedades hasta ahora eliminadas, como la poliomielitis, puede agravar la crisis sanitaria aún en curso. A pesar de ser reconocido como uno de los programas de inmunización más efectivos del mundo y de los esfuerzos permanentes, el Programa Nacional de Inmunización enfrenta un escenario extremadamente adverso en lo que se refiere a las coberturas vacunales. Este artículo describe el Proyecto por la Reconquista de las Altas Coberturas Vacunales (PRCV) y la estrategia de trabajo al final del sistema, ejecutada en los territorios, que se implementa desde 2021 y ya comienza a mostrar resultados prometedores. El PRCV fue organizado en tres ejes temáticos con actuación compartida y acciones específicas, a saber: vacunación; sistemas de Información; comunicación y educación. Los resultados ya alcanzados permiten afirmar que es posible lograr la reversión de las bajas coberturas vacunales, a partir de la articulación de acciones estructurales e interinstitucionales, con el fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas y desarrollo de medidas de corto, mediano y largo plazo. Los factores más potentes del PRCV son su abordaje junto a los profesionales de la punta, el pacto social por la vacunación, y la estructuración de redes locales de apoyo a las inmunizaciones.

The Role of Radiomics in Rectal Cancer.

PURPOSE: Radiomics is a promising method for advancing imaging assessment in rectal cancer. This review aims to describe the emerging role of radiomics in the imaging assessment of rectal cancer, including various applications of radiomics based on CT, MRI, or PET/CT. METHODS: We conducted a literature review to highlight the progress of radiomic research to date and the challenges that need to be addressed before radiomics can be implemented clinically. RESULTS: The results suggest that radiomics has the potential to provide valuable information for clinical decision-making in rectal cancer. However, there are still challenges in terms of standardization of imaging protocols, feature extraction, and validation of radiomic models. Despite these challenges, radiomics holds great promise for personalized medicine in rectal cancer, with the potential to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. Further research is needed to validate the clinical utility of radiomics and to establish its role in routine clinical practice. CONCLUSION: Overall, radiomics has emerged as a powerful tool for improving the imaging assessment of rectal cancer, and its potential benefits should not be underestimated.

Impact of Physicochemical Modifications in Casein Promoted by UV-C on the Peptide Profile of Gastric Digestion and the Transepithelial Transport of Peptides.

Caseins are the main proteins in milk, and their structure and spatial conformation are responsible for their slow digestion rate. The release of bioactive and ß-casomorphin peptides from casein digestion may induce allergic responses during consumption. Spectroscopic techniques were used to observe the structural changes in casein conformation induced by Ultraviolet light irradiation (UV-C). Raman spectroscopy results showed more pronounced peaks at 618 and 640 cm-1 for phenylalanine and tyrosine moieties of the photolyzed micellar casein, respectively, suggesting changes in the micelle structure. The decrease in the intensity of Raman signals for tryptophan and tyrosine corroborates to the UV-C-induced modifications of the micelle structure. Particle size distribution showed a decrease in the average micelle size after 15 min of UV-C exposure, while low-temperature, long-time (LTLT) pasteurization led to the formation of large aggregates, as observed by atomic force microscopy. UV-C did not impact the formation or transport of peptides, as observed by using the Caco-2 cell as a model for peptide absorption. However, the absence of the opioid peptide SRYPSY from κ-casein and only 20% of the concentration of opioid peptide RYLGY were noted. This work demonstrated that UV-C can be utilized to induce the physicochemical modification of dairy products, promoting a higher digestion rate and reducing allergenicity.

Organ-on-a-Chip for Drug Screening: A Bright Future for Sustainability? A Critical Review.

Globalization has raised concerns about spreading diseases and emphasized the need for quick and efficient methods for drug screening. Established drug efficacy and toxicity approaches have proven obsolete, with a high failure rate in clinical trials. Organ-on-a-chip has emerged as an essential alternative to outdated techniques, precisely simulating important characteristics of organs and predicting drug pharmacokinetics more ethically and efficiently. Although promising, most organ-on-a-chip devices are still manufactured using principles and materials from the micromachining industry. The abusive use of plastic for traditional drug screening methods and device production should be considered when substituting technologies so that the compensation for the generation of plastic waste can be projected. This critical review outlines recent advances for organ-on-a-chip in the industry and estimates the possibility of scaling up its production. Moreover, it analyzes trends in organ-on-a-chip publications and provides suggestions for a more sustainable future for organ-on-a-chip research and production.

UV-C light promotes the reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds in ß-Lactoglobulin and improves in vitro gastric digestion.

ß-Lactoglobulin (ß-Lg) is the main protein in whey and is known for its allergenicity and resistance to the digestion of pepsin and trypsin. The UV-C photoinduced cleavage of disulfide bonds in ß-Lactoglobulin, as promoted by excitation of tryptophan residues (Trp), is shown to induce changes in the protein's secondary structure, significantly reducing the protein's resistance to pepsin digestion. The UV-C light-induced changes in the protein secondary structure are marked by an increase in the contribution of ß-sheet and α-helix structures with a concomitantly smaller contribution of the ß-turn structural motif. The photoinduced cleavage of disulfide bonds in ß-Lg has an apparent quantum yield of ф = 0.0015 ± 0.0003 and was shown by transient absorption laser flash photolysis to arise by two different pathways: a) the reduction of the disulfide bond Cys66Cys160 occurs by direct electron transfer from the triplet-excited 3Trp to the disulfide bond due to the existence of a CysCys/Trp triad (Cys66Cys160/Trp61) and b) the reduction of the buried Cys106Cys119 disulfide bond involves a reaction with a solvated electron originated by the photoejection of electrons from the triplet-excited 3Trp decay. The in vitro gastric digestion index for UV-C-treated ß-Lg is revealed to have increased significantly by 36 ± 4 % and 9 ± 2 % under simulated elderly and young adult digestive conditions, respectively. When compared to the native protein, the peptide mass fingerprint profile of digested UV-C-treated ß-Lg shows a higher content and variety of peptides, including the production of some exclusive bioactive peptides such as PMHIRL and EKFDKALKALPMH.

Effect of spineless cactus [Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck] on nutrient intake, ingestive behaviour, and performance of lambs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of spineless cactus (SC) [Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck] on nutrient intake, ingestive behaviour, and performance of lambs in a feedlot. Thirty-two male (non-castrated) Santa Inês lambs with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 20.4 ± 2.60 kg were distributed across four levels of spineless cactus: zero, 24, 52, and 75% of total diet dry matter (DM). Over 56 days, the animals had their intake and performance monitored. The inclusion of SC influenced (p<0.05) in a quadratic way the dry matter intake and total digestible nutrients, but linearly decreased (p<0.05) the neutral detergent fiber intake. Drinking water intake decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the inclusion of SC in the diet. The inclusion of SC influenced (p<0.05) in a quadratic way the digestibility of organic matter in the diet. The increase in the level of SC in the diet increased linearly (p<0.05) the feeding and rumination efficiencies of the lambs. The maximum daily gain of 0.237 kg/day was achieved with 44% SC in the diet. It is recommended to include up to 40% of spineless cactus in the diet of lambs.

Unraveling Hepatic Metabolomic Profiles and Morphological Outcomes in a Hybrid Model of NASH in Different Mouse Strains.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and affects 25% of the global population. Although a plethora of experimental models for studying NASH have been proposed, still scarce findings regarding the hepatic metabolomic/molecular profile. In the present study, we sought to unravel the hepatic metabolomic profile of mice subjected to a hybrid model of NASH, by combining a Western diet and carbon tetrachloride administration, for 8 weeks, in male C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice. In both mouse strains, the main traits of NASH-metabolic (glucose intolerance profile), morphologic (extensive microvesicular steatosis and fibrosis, lobular inflammation, and adipose tissue-related inflammation/hypertrophy), and molecular (impaired Nrf2/NF-κB pathway dynamics and altered metabolomic profile)-were observed. The hepatic metabolomic profile revealed that the hybrid protocol impaired, in both strains, the abundance of branched chain-aromatic amino acids, carboxylic acids, and glycosyl compounds, that might be linked to the Nrf2 pathway activation. Moreover, we observed a strain-dependent hepatic metabolomic signature, in which the tricarboxylic acid metabolites and pyruvate metabolism were dissimilarly modulated in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice. Thus, we provide evidence that the strain-dependent hepatic metabolomic profile might be linked to the distinct underlying mechanisms of NASH, also prospecting potential mechanistic insights into the corresponding disease.

Black TiO2 Photoanodes for Direct Methanol Photo Fuel Cells.

Photocatalytic fuel cells (PFCs) are considered the next generation of energy converter devices, since they can harvest solar energy through relatively low-cost semiconductor material to convert the chemical energy of renewable fuels and oxidants directly into electricity. Here, we report black TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) photoanodes for simple single-compartment PFCs and microfluidic photo fuel cells (µPFCs) fed by methanol. We show that Ti3+ and oxygen vacancy (OV) defects at the TiO2 NPs are easily controlled by annealing in a NaBH4-containing atmosphere. This optimized noble-metal-free black TiO2 photoanode shows superior PFC performance for methanol oxidation and O2 reduction with a maximum power density (Pmax) ∼2000% higher compared to the undoped TiO2. At flow conditions, the black TiO2 photoanode showed a Pmax ∼90 times higher than the µFC equipped with regular TiO2 in the dark. The PFC and µPFC operate spontaneously with little activation polarization, and black TiO2 photoanodes are stable under light irradiation. The improved photoactivity of the black TiO2 photoanode is a consequence of the self-doping with Ti3+/OV defects, which significantly red-shifted the bandgap energy, induced intragap electronic states, and widened both the valence band and conduction band, enhancing the overall absorption of visible light and decreasing the interfacial charge transfer resistance.

Diagnosis, performance and added value of assessing ventricular dyssynchrony by phase analysis in patients with three-vessel disease: A single-center cross-sectional study in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Three-vessel disease (3VD) is a cardiovascular disorder that affects the three main coronary arteries. Gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (GMPS) evaluates ventricular function, synchrony, and myocardial perfusion. However, the diagnostic performance of GMPS parameters to assess 3VD has not been fully explored. AIMS: To assess the univariate performance capacity of GMPS parameters, and to evaluate whether phase parameters could provide additional predictive value for the detection of patients with 3VD compared to control subjects. METHODS: We designed paired retrospective samples of GMPS images of patients with 3VD (stenosis > 70% of left anterior descending, right coronary, and circumflex coronary arteries) and without 3VD. A GMPS in rest-stress protocol was performed using 99mTc-Sestamibi and thallium and analyzed with the 3D method. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUROC), decision curve analyses and diagnostic test performance were obtained for univariable analyses and stepwise binomial logistic regression for multivariable performance. RESULTS: 474 Patients were included: 237 with 3VD (84% males, mean age 61.7 ± 9.9 years) and 237 with normal GMPS (51% women, mean age 63.8 ± 10.6 years). The highest AUROC for perfusion parameters were recorded for SSS, SRS and TID. For dyssynchrony parameters, both entropy and bandwidth in rest and stress phases displayed the highest AUROC and diagnostic capacity to detect 3VD. A multivariate model with SRS ≥ 4, SDS ≥ 2, TID > 1.19 and sBW ≥ 48° displayed the highest diagnostic capacity (0.923 [95% CI 0.897-0.923]) to detect 3VD. CONCLUSION: Perfusion and dyssynchrony were the parameters which were most able to discriminate patients with 3VD from those who did not have CAD.

Pela reconquista das altas coberturas vacinais / For the return of high vaccination coverage / Para la recuperación de altas coberturas de vacunación

O declínio global das coberturas vacinais levou a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em 2019, a definir a hesitação vacinal como uma das dez maiores ameaças mundiais à saúde pública. No Brasil, a queda da cobertura vacinal teve início em 2012, acentuando-se a partir de 2016, e sendo agravada pela pandemia de COVID-19. O alerta da baixa cobertura vacinal vem acompanhado pela reintrodução de doenças imunopreveníveis como o sarampo. O retorno de doenças até então eliminadas, como a poliomielite, pode agravar a crise sanitária ainda em curso. Mesmo sendo reconhecido como um dos mais efetivos programas de imunizações do mundo e dos esforços permanentes, o Programa Nacional de Imunizações enfrenta um cenário extremamente adverso no que tange às coberturas vacinais. Este artigo descreve o Projeto pela Reconquista das Altas Coberturas Vacinais (PRCV) e a estratégia de trabalhar na ponta do sistema, executada nos territórios, que vem sendo implementada desde 2021 e já começa a apresentar resultados promissores. O PRCV foi organizado em três eixos temáticos com atuação compartilhada e ações específicas, a saber: vacinação; sistemas de informação; comunicação e educação. Os resultados já alcançados permitem afirmar que é possível conseguir a reversão das baixas coberturas vacinais, a partir da articulação de ações estruturais e interinstitucionais, com o fortalecimento das políticas públicas e desenvolvimento de medidas de curto, médio e longo prazos. Os fatores mais potentes do PRCV são sua abordagem junto aos profissionais da ponta, o pacto social pela vacinação, e a estruturação de redes locais de apoio às imunizações.

The global decline in vaccine coverage led the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 to define vaccine hesitation as one of the world's top ten threats to public health. In Brazil, the drop in vaccination coverage began in 2012, increasing from 2016, and was aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The warning of low vaccination coverage is accompanied by the reintroduction of immunopreventable diseases such as measles. The return of diseases so far eradicated, such as polio, can aggravate the ongoing health crisis. Despite the Brazilian National Immunization Program being recognized as one of the most effective worldwide and its continuous efforts, it is facing an extremely challenging scenario regarding immunization coverage. This article describes the Project for the Regaining of the High Vaccination Coverage (PRCV) and the strategy of working at the frontline, conducted in the local level, which has been implemented since 2021 and is already starting to show promising results. The PRCV was organized in three thematic axes with shared and specific actions, including: vaccination; information systems; communication and education. The outcomes achieved allow us to affirm that it is possible to reverse the low vaccination coverage, based on the articulation of structural and interinstitutional actions, with the strengthening of public policies and development of short-, medium-, and long-term measures. The most powerful factors of the PRCV are its approach to frontline professionals, the social pact for vaccination, and the establishment of local support networks for vaccinations.

La disminución global de las coberturas de vacunación llevó a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en 2019, a definir la vacilación de la vacunación como una de las diez mayores amenazas para la salud pública en el mundo. En Brasil, la caída de la cobertura de vacunación comenzó en 2012, se acentuó a partir de 2016 y se vio agravada por la pandemia de COVID-19. La alerta de baja cobertura vacunal va acompañada de la reintroducción de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación como el sarampión. El regreso de enfermedades hasta ahora eliminadas, como la poliomielitis, puede agravar la crisis sanitaria aún en curso. A pesar de ser reconocido como uno de los programas de inmunización más efectivos del mundo y de los esfuerzos permanentes, el Programa Nacional de Inmunización enfrenta un escenario extremadamente adverso en lo que se refiere a las coberturas vacunales. Este artículo describe el Proyecto por la Reconquista de las Altas Coberturas Vacunales (PRCV) y la estrategia de trabajo al final del sistema, ejecutada en los territorios, que se implementa desde 2021 y ya comienza a mostrar resultados prometedores. El PRCV fue organizado en tres ejes temáticos con actuación compartida y acciones específicas, a saber: vacunación; sistemas de Información; comunicación y educación. Los resultados ya alcanzados permiten afirmar que es posible lograr la reversión de las bajas coberturas vacunales, a partir de la articulación de acciones estructurales e interinstitucionales, con el fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas y desarrollo de medidas de corto, mediano y largo plazo. Los factores más potentes del PRCV son su abordaje junto a los profesionales de la punta, el pacto social por la vacunación, y la estructuración de redes locales de apoyo a las inmunizaciones.

Lay People´s Myths Regarding Pedophilia and Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: The term "paedophilia erotica" was first coined in 1886 by the psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing and it was considered a "psycho-sexual perversion." It was at the beginning of the twentieth century that the term "pedophilia" was adopted and it started to appear in medical dictionaries. Sexual abuse is legally defined as the engagement in sexual contact with a person below a specified age or who is incapable of giving consent. Both, pedophilia and child sexual abuse (CSA) are worldwide phenomena requiring deep scientific knowledge in order to improve prevention strategies. Individuals' misconceptions of pedophilia and CSA may legitimize sexual violence, which can influence prevention strategies and policies. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to summarize existing research to help answer the question: "What are laypeople´s myths regarding pedophilia and CSA?" METHODS: This systematic review followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify as many relevant articles as possible. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases for articles published before January 2022. Sixty-one articles were included in the current review. RESULTS: Overall, findings revealed a significant number of myths regarding pedophilia and CSA, organized into the following categories: (i) blame diffusion, (ii) denial of abusiveness, (iii) restrictive stereotypes, (iv) victim age and consequences, (v) social stigma, (vi) punitive attitudes, and (vii) treatment. CONCLUSION: Findings suggested that laypeople's perceptions should be taken into account when devising prevention policies. Additionally, perceptions should also be a target of prevention since there is evidence of social stigma and prejudice involving individuals with pedophilia. Such phenomena can contribute to social, emotional, and cognitive problems, among said individuals as well as causing these individuals to exhibit a higher risk for abusive behavior and less help-seeking. Glina F, Barroso R, Cardoso D, et al. Lay People´s Myths Regarding Pedophilia and Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:596-619.

Are isothiocyanates and polyphenols from Brassicaceae vegetables emerging as preventive/therapeutic strategies for NAFLD? The landscape of recent preclinical findings.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a lipid impairment-related chronic metabolic disease that affects almost 25% of the worldwide population and has become the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States of America (USA). NAFLD may progress from simple hepatic steatosis (HS) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which occurs simultaneously in an inflammatory and fibrotic microenvironment and affects approximately 5% of the global population. Recently, NASH has been suggested to be a relevant driver in progressive liver cirrhosis and a population-attributable factor in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Moreover, predictions show that NAFLD-related annual health costs in the USA have reached ∼$100 bi., but effective therapies are still scarce. Thus, new preventative strategies for this hepatic disease urgently need to be developed. The Brassicaceae vegetable family includes almost 350 genera and 3500 species and these are one of the main types of vegetables harvested and produced worldwide. These vegetables are well-known sources of glucobrassicin-derivative molecules, such as isothiocyanates and phenolic compounds, which have shown antioxidant and antilipogenic effects in preclinical NAFLD data. In this review, we gathered prominent evidence of the in vivo and in vitro effects of these vegetable-derived nutraceutical compounds on the gut-liver-adipose axis, which is a well-known regulator of NAFLD and may represent a new strategy for disease control.

1H qNMR-Based Metabolomics Discrimination of Covid-19 Severity.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), which caused respiratory problems in many patients worldwide, led to more than 5 million deaths by the end of 2021. Experienced symptoms vary from mild to severe illness. Understanding the infection severity to reach a better prognosis could be useful to the clinics, and one study area to fulfill one piece of this biological puzzle is metabolomics. The metabolite profile and/or levels being monitored can help predict phenotype properties. Therefore, this study evaluated plasma metabolomes of 110 individual samples, 57 from control patients and 53 from recent positive cases of Covid-19 (IgM 98% reagent), representing mild to severe symptoms, before any clinical intervention. Polar metabolites from plasma samples were analyzed by quantitative 1H NMR. Glycerol, 3-aminoisobutyrate, formate, and glucuronate levels showed alterations in Covid-19 patients compared to those in the control group (Tukey's HSD p-value cutoff = 0.05), affecting the lactate, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and d-glutamine, d-glutamate, and glycerolipid metabolisms. These metabolic alterations show that SARS-CoV-2 infection led to disturbance in the energetic system, supporting the viral replication and corroborating with the severe clinical conditions of patients. Six polar metabolites (glycerol, acetate, 3-aminoisobutyrate, formate, glucuronate, and lactate) were revealed by PLS-DA and predicted by ROC curves and ANOVA to be potential prognostic metabolite panels for Covid-19 and considered clinically relevant for predicting infection severity due to their straight roles in the lipid and energy metabolism. Thus, metabolomics from samples of Covid-19 patients is a powerful tool for a better understanding of the disease mechanism of action and metabolic consequences of the infection in the human body and may corroborate allowing clinicians to intervene quickly according to the needs of Covid-19 patients.

Pancreatic metastasectomy of renal cell carcinoma: a single institution experience.

INTRODUCTION: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary neoplasia that metastasizes to the pancreas. Pancreatic metastasis (PM) occur in asymptomatic older patients and are identified during follow up. If resectable, surgery is the treatment of choice for long term survival. Our goal is to analyze outcomes of patients with RCC-PM. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed all patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) who underwent resection, from known primary RCC and RCC-PM. RESULTS: There were 16 patients (mean age of 67 ± 8 years, male 8 (50%), mean BMI 29 ± 5.36 kg/m2). Half of them were asymptomatic. Diagnosis was incidental in 56.25% with a median lesion size of 25 mm (12-80). Pancreatic resections performed were: pancreatoduodenectomy (31.25%), distal pancreatectomy (56.25%) and total pancreatectomy (12.5%). Median estimated blood loss was 225 mL (15-2,200), median operative time was 242 min (63-420). Median length of stay was 6 days (2-30). New-onset diabetes was 6.25%. The minor complication and reoperation rates, were 37.5% and 6.25%, respectively. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 17 (4-31), all were negative. All had a R0 resection. Recurrence of disease was 18.75% with a median time after surgery of 3 years (2-6). The median follow up was 9 years (0-15). Thirteen (81.25%) patients are still alive, eight are disease free. Three (18.75%) died. CONCLUSIONS: Long term survival can be achieved with surgical resection of PM from RCC in selected patients in whom complete resection is possible.

Lay People´s Myths Regarding Pedophilia and Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: The term "paedophilia erotica" was first coined in 1886 by the psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing and it was considered a "psycho-sexual perversion." It was at the beginning of the twentieth century that the term "pedophilia" was adopted and it started to appear in medical dictionaries. Sexual abuse is legally defined as the engagement in sexual contact with a person below a specified age or who is incapable of giving consent. Both, pedophilia and child sexual abuse (CSA) are worldwide phenomena requiring deep scientific knowledge in order to improve prevention strategies. Individuals' misconceptions of pedophilia and CSA may legitimize sexual violence, which can influence prevention strategies and policies. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to summarize existing research to help answer the question: "What are laypeople´s myths regarding pedophilia and CSA?" METHODS: This systematic review followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify as many relevant articles as possible. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases for articles published before January 2022. Sixty-one articles were included in the current review. RESULTS: Overall, findings revealed a significant number of myths regarding pedophilia and CSA, organized into the following categories: (i) blame diffusion, (ii) denial of abusiveness, (iii) restrictive stereotypes, (iv) victim age and consequences, (v) social stigma, (vi) punitive attitudes, and (vii) treatment. CONCLUSION: Findings suggested that laypeople's perceptions should be taken into account when devising prevention policies. Additionally, perceptions should also be a target of prevention since there is evidence of social stigma and prejudice involving individuals with pedophilia. Such phenomena can contribute to social, emotional, and cognitive problems, among said individuals as well as causing these individuals to exhibit a higher risk for abusive behavior and less help-seeking.